A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response by George S. Everly & Jeffrey M. Lating

Author:George S. Everly & Jeffrey M. Lating
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781493990986
Publisher: Springer New York

Basic Patterns of Breathing

In this section, we briefly describe the fundamentals involved in the breathing process by examining the four phases of the respiratory cycle and describing three basic types of breathing.

According to Hewitt (1977), and elaborated upon by Fried (1993), Austin (1998), and more recently Drummond (2010), four distinct phases of the breathing cycle are relevant in learning voluntary control of respiration patterns (the clinician may find this cursory phasic division useful in teaching any form of deep breathing technique):1.Inhalation or inspiration. Incidentally, it is no coincidence that the word inspiration is used to recognize the connective link between breathing and vital energy (i.e., we all have at times felt “inspired” by a creative idea or an influential other). Inhalation occurs as air is taken into the nose or mouth, descends via the trachea, the bronchi, and bronchioles, and finally inflates the alveoli, which are the air sacs constituting the major portions of the lobes of the lungs. As the lungs expand, their stretch receptors tighten, which in turn sends inhibitory signals from the vagus nerve to the brain stem, signaling inhalation to stop.

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